Johnson County Secondary Roads Shattercane Weed

Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor)

Description: Shattercane is an annual which reproduces by seeds. The plant is a weedy sorghum with a broad genetic base. It is believed that natural crossing between diverse sorghum types produced the present day shattercane. There is considerable variation in this species and mature plants may range from 4 feet to 12 feet. The fibrous root system and leaves resemble forage sorghum. Plants have a long, membranous ligule with jagged margins. Shattercane seeds are usually enclosed in glumes and vary in color from shiny black to red. Seed heads may be compact or loose and open, and often droop to one side at maturity. Leaves are rolled in the budshoot. Young plants develop from large seed and are difficult to distinguish from seedling johnsongrass (a noxious weed in many states) during early growth stages. Another similar grass used by erosion contractors and highway departments is Sudangrass.

Distribution: Shattercane is found across Iowa and in Johnson County, although it is most common in the southwest part of the state. Fields may become infested by shattercane from sorghum seed, livestock manure, birds, contaminated machinery, and runoff water.

What’s The Problem?: Shattercane infestations in crop fields can seriously reduce yields and marketability. The tall, robust shattercane plants compete for light and water with alfalfa, newly planted corn, and soybeans.

Management Methods: Where possible, mechanical control methods (mowing) can sufficiently manage shattercane. Cultural methods such as tillage and cultivation, along with crop rotation can also be used. There are a host of herbicides that can be used in corn, soybeans, or alfalfa to successfully control shattercane. Always read and follow labels carefully when using herbicides.

Photo couresy of Weeds of Nebraska and the Great Plains published by Nebraska Department of Agriculture

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