Description: Shattercane is an annual
which reproduces by seeds. The plant is a weedy sorghum with
a broad genetic base. It is believed that natural crossing
between diverse sorghum types produced the present day shattercane.
There is considerable variation in this species and mature
plants may range from 4 feet to 12 feet. The fibrous root
system and leaves resemble forage sorghum. Plants have a long,
membranous ligule with jagged margins. Shattercane seeds are
usually enclosed in glumes and vary in color from shiny black
to red. Seed heads may be compact or loose and open, and often
droop to one side at maturity. Leaves are rolled in the budshoot.
Young plants develop from large seed and are difficult to
distinguish from seedling johnsongrass (a noxious weed in
many states) during early growth stages. Another similar grass
used by erosion contractors and highway departments is Sudangrass.
Distribution: Shattercane is found across Iowa and
in Johnson County, although it is most common in the southwest
part of the state. Fields may become infested by shattercane
from sorghum seed, livestock manure, birds, contaminated machinery,
and runoff water.
What’s The Problem?: Shattercane infestations
in crop fields can seriously reduce yields and marketability.
The tall, robust shattercane plants compete for light and
water with alfalfa, newly planted corn, and soybeans.
Management Methods: Where possible, mechanical control
methods (mowing) can sufficiently manage shattercane. Cultural
methods such as tillage and cultivation, along with crop rotation
can also be used. There are a host of herbicides that can
be used in corn, soybeans, or alfalfa to successfully control
shattercane. Always read and follow labels carefully when
using herbicides.
Photo couresy of Weeds of Nebraska and the Great Plains published by Nebraska Department of Agriculture